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Clear Quartz

Pronounced: KLEER KWORTS

Clear Quartz is the colourless, transparent variety of quartz, prized for its glass-like clarity, distinctive crystal shapes and remarkable durability. From perfectly clear points to crystals filled with natural veils and inclusions, it is one of the most recognisable and widespread minerals on Earth.

Formula: SiO₂Mohs hardness: 7System: Trigonal
Clear QuartzCW

Meet the crystal

About Clear Quartz

Clear Quartz, traditionally known as Rock Crystal, is the colourless and transparent form of quartz. It is composed of silicon dioxide and commonly forms beautiful six-sided prismatic crystals terminating in pointed faces. Pure quartz is colourless, although natural Clear Quartz may contain internal veils, fractures, liquid inclusions, other minerals or cloudy areas that give every specimen its own character. Some examples approach optical clarity, while others range from transparent to translucent. Quartz occurs in an enormous range of geological environments and is an important component of many rocks, including granite. Well-formed Clear Quartz crystals are especially associated with hydrothermal veins, cavities and pegmatites. Its combination of clarity, hardness and abundance has made quartz important not only to mineral collectors and jewellery makers but also to science and technology. Quartz's physical properties allow carefully prepared crystals to be used in electronic oscillators found in devices such as clocks and watches.

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Showing Science & Formation

Scientific passport

The mineral facts

Observable and measurable properties used to describe and identify this mineral.

Chemical formula
SiO₂
Mineral class
Oxide — Silica; structurally a framework silicate (tectosilicate)
Crystal system
Trigonal
Mohs hardness
7
Lustre
Vitreous
Streak
White
Specific gravity
2.65–2.66
Transparency
Transparent to translucent

Common colours

Colourless and water-clear; may contain white or cloudy zones caused by microscopic inclusions, fractures or internal features

Cleavage and fracture

Poor to indistinct cleavage; typically conchoidal fracture

From the Earth

How it forms

The geological processes that create this crystal over time.

Formation

Its geological story

Quartz forms in many geological environments. Clear, well-formed crystals commonly grow when silica-rich fluids circulate through fractures and cavities in rocks and gradually cool, depositing quartz onto the cavity walls. Large crystals may also develop within granitic pegmatites, where slowly cooling magma and mineral-rich fluids provide space for crystal growth. Quartz is additionally common in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks and can survive weathering because of its hardness and chemical resistance. The familiar pointed Clear Quartz crystals form when the mineral has enough open space to develop its natural crystal faces rather than growing as an interlocking mass.

A closer look

Scientific notes

Quartz is crystalline silicon dioxide and one of the most widespread minerals in Earth's crust. Pure quartz is colourless; the many coloured quartz varieties arise from trace elements, structural defects or microscopic mineral inclusions. At normal surface temperatures, quartz occurs as alpha-quartz, which has trigonal symmetry. Although well-formed crystals frequently appear six-sided, this external habit reflects the arrangement of crystal faces rather than quartz being genuinely hexagonal in its room-temperature crystal structure. Quartz is optically uniaxial positive, with refractive indices of approximately 1.544 and 1.553 and birefringence of around 0.009. Quartz is also piezoelectric, meaning mechanical stress can generate an electrical charge within appropriately oriented crystals, while an applied electrical field can cause controlled vibration. This behaviour is why manufactured quartz components are widely used for precise timing and frequency control in electronics.

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